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1.
researchsquare; 2023.
Preprint in English | PREPRINT-RESEARCHSQUARE | ID: ppzbmed-10.21203.rs.3.rs-3060015.v1

ABSTRACT

Background:Insufficient and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) have emerged as rising public health concerns affecting the majority of pregnant women in high-income countries, and are associated with a multitude of adverse maternal and infant health outcomes. The goal of this scoping review was to identify key structural vulnerability factors related to GWG and to examine the extent, range, and nature of research examining associations between those factors and GWG before the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Electronic searches were performed in October 2018, and updated in August 2019 in the databases MEDLINE(R) ALL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Sociological Abstracts. Studies included needed to be set in high-income countries, have pregnant participants and an observational methodological design with inferential statistics performed between one or more structural vulnerability factors and GWG. Results: Of the 11,382 citations identified through database searches, 157 articles were included in the review. The structural vulnerability factors most commonly studied in association with GWG were race and ethnicity (n=91 articles), age (n=87), parity (n=48), education (n=44), income (n=39), marital status (n=28), immigration (n=19) and abuse (n=12). Moststudies were conducted in the USA (77%), a majority reported significant associations between these factors and GWG and 34% were specific to a population where all individuals were affected by one of more structural vulnerability factors. Race and ethnicity stood out as the most extensively studied factor; i.e., for the longest period (since 1976), with the highest number of published articles, the largest sample size (n=7,966,573) and the second highest (79%) proportion of studies reporting a significant relationship with GWG, with immigration status having the highest proportion (95%). Conclusions: To advance knowledge on the causes and consequences of excessive and insufficient GWG, research should extend beyond the USA and adopt an intersectional approach to unravel the complex interplay between social context, interacting structural vulnerability factors and specific measures of GWG. Such knowledge is required for the prevention of detrimental impacts on both maternal and offspring health.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Weight Gain , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
2.
Psychiatry research ; 2022.
Article in English | EuropePMC | ID: covidwho-2047030

ABSTRACT

Information-seeking has generally been seen as an adaptive response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it may also result in negative outcomes on mental health. The present study tests whether reporting COVID-related information-seeking throughout the pandemic is associated with subsequently poorer mental health outcomes. A quota-based, non-probability-sampling methodology was used to recruit a nationally representative sample. COVID-related information-seeking was assessed at six waves along with symptoms of depression, anxiety, mental wellbeing and loneliness (N = 1945). Hierarchical linear modelling was used to assess the relationship between COVID-related information-seeking and mental health outcomes. Information-seeking was found to reduce over time. Overall, women, older and higher socioeconomic group individuals reported higher levels of information-seeking. At waves 1-4 (March-June 2020) the majority of participants reported that they sought information on Covid 1-5 times per day, this decreased to less than once per day in waves 5 and 6 (July-November 2020). Higher levels of information-seeking were associated with poorer mental health outcomes, particularly clinically significant levels of anxiety. Use of a non-probability sampling method may have been a study limitation, nevertheless, reducing or managing information-seeking behaviour may be one method to reduce anxiety during pandemics and other public health crises.

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